Tubuh, jiwa dan roh

Tubuh, Jiwa dan Roh, maupun Tubuh dan Jiwa/Roh

KGK 367     Kadang kata jiwa dibedakan dengan roh. Santo Paulus berdoa demikian: “Semoga Allah damai sejahtera menguduskan kamu seluruhnya, dan semoga roh, jiwa dan tubuhmu terpelihara sempurna dengan tak bercacat pada kedatangan Yesus Kristus” (1 Tes 5:23). Gereja mengaiarkan bahwa perbedaan ini tidak membagi jiwa menjadi dua(Bdk. Konsili Konstantinopel IV, 870: DS 657.). Dengan “roh” dimaksudkan bahwa manusia sejak penciptaannya diarahkan kepada tujuan adikodratinya (Bdk. Konsili Vatikan 1: DS 3005; GS 22,5.) dan bahwa jiwanya dapat diangkat ke dalam persekutuan dengan Allah (Bdk. Pius XII, Ens. “Humani generis” 1950: DS 3891). karena rahmat.

KGK 362     Pribadi manusia yang diciptakan menurut citra Allah adalah wujud jasmani sekaligus rohani. Teks Kitab Suci mengungkapkan itu dalam bahasa kiasan, apabila ia mengatakan: “Allah membentuk manusia dari debu tanah dan menghembuskan napas hidup ke dalam hidungnya; demikianlah manusia itu menjadi makhluk yang hidup” (Kej 2:7). Manusia seutuhnya dikehendaki Allah.

KGK 363     Dalam Kitab Suci istilah jiwa sering berarti kehidupan manusia(Bdk. Mat 16:25-26; Yoh 15:13.) atau seluruh pribadi manusia (Bdk. Kis 2:41.). Tetapi ia berarti juga unsur terdalam pada manusia (Bdk. Mat 26:38; Yoh 12:27.), yang paling bernilai padanya (Bdk. Mat 10:28; 2 Mak 6:30.), yang paling mirip dengan citra Allah: “Jiwa” adalah prinsip hidup rohani dalam manusia.

KGK 364     Tubuh manusia mengambil bagian pada martabat keberadaan “menurut citra Allah”: ia adalah tubuh manusiawi karena ia dijiwai oleh jiwa rohani. Pribadi manusiawi secara menyeluruh sudah ditentukan menjadi kenisah Roh dalam Tubuh Kristus (Bdk. 1 Kor 6:19-20; 15:44-45.). “Manusia, yang satu jiwa maupun raganya, melalui kondisi badaniahnya sendiri menghimpun unsur-unsur dunia jasmani dalam dirinya, sehingga melalui dia unsur-unsur itu mencapai tarafnya tertinggi, dan melambungkan suaranya untuk dengan bebas memuliakan Sang Pencipta. Oleh karena itu manusia tidak boleh meremehkan hidup jasmaninya; tetapi sebaliknya, ia wajib memandang baik serta layak dihormati badannya sendiri, yang diciptakan oleh Allah dan harus dibangkitkan pada hari terakhir” (GS 14, 1).

KGK 365     Kesatuan jiwa dan badan begitu mendalam, sehingga jiwa harus dipandang sebagai “bentuk” badan , artinya jiwa rohani menyebabkan, bahwa badan yang dibentuk dari materi menjadi badan manusiawi yang hidup. Dalam manusia, roh dan materi bukanlah dua kodrat yang bersatu, melainkan kesatuan mereka membentuk kodrat yang satu saja.

KGK 366     Gereja mengajarkan bahwa setiap jiwa rohani langsung diciptakan Allah (Bdk. Pius XII. Ens. “Humani generis” 1950: DS 3896; SPF 8.) – ia tidak dihasilkan oleh orang-tua – dan bahwa ia tidak dapat mati (Bdk. Konsili Lateran V 1513: DS 1440.): ia tidak binasa, apabila pada saat kematian ia berpisah dari badan, dan ia akan bersatu lagi dengan badan baru pada hari kebangkitan.

1 John 5:7-8
ὅτι τρεῖς εἰσιν οἱ μαρτυροῦντες, τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸ αἷμα καὶ οἱ τρεῖς εἰς τὸ ἕν εἰσιν.
For there are three that bear record in heaven the Father the Word and the Holy Ghost and these three are one, and there are three that bear witness in earth the Spirit and the water and the blood and these three agree in one
Sebab ada tiga yang memberi kesaksian di dalam sorga: Bapa, Firman dan Roh Kudus dan ketiganya adalah satu, dan ada tiga yang memberi kesaksian di bumi, Roh dan air dan darah dan ketiganya adalah satu.

1Tes. 5:23 Semoga Allah damai sejahtera menguduskan kamu seluruhnya dan semoga roh, jiwa dan tubuhmu terpelihara sempurna dengan tak bercacat pada kedatangan Yesus Kristus, Tuhan kita.

Ibr. 4:12 Sebab firman Allah hidup dan kuat dan lebih tajam dari pada pedang bermata dua manapun; ia menusuk amat dalam sampai memisahkan jiwa dan roh, sendi-sendi dan sumsum; ia sanggup membedakan pertimbangan dan pikiran hati kita.

Efesus 4:4-5
satu tubuh, dan satu Roh, sebagaimana kamu telah dipanggil kepada satu pengharapan yang terkandung dalam panggilanmu, satu Tuhan, satu iman, satu baptisan,

badan σάρξ
jiwa    ψυχή
roh     πνεύμα

Sedangkan Jiwa atau Soul menurut Gereja adalah Nyawa.

According to a common Christian eschatology, when people die, their souls will be judged by God and determined to spend an eternity in Heaven or in Hell. Though all branches of Christianity –Catholics, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox, Evangelical or mainline Protestants – teach that Jesus Christ plays a decisive role in the salvation process.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_(spirit)#Christianity

Menurut ajaran Gereja:

1. Tubuh: dari debu kembali ke debu
2. Jiwa: Nyawa, kehidupan, identitas, ketika dibangkitkan, jiwa inilah yang ke Surga untuk berbahagia atau keneraka untuk disiksa
3. Roh: berasal dari Allah, termasuk didalamnya 7 karunia Roh. tanpa Roh, atau kehilangan salah satu atau bahkan semua 7 karunia Roh, maka manusia tersebut sama dengan orang gila. Roh akan kembali kepada Allah ketika seseorang telah wafat.

Spirit

The use of this term to signify the supernatural life of grace is the explanation of St. Paul's language about the spiritual and the carnal man and his enumeration of the three elements, spirit, soul, and body.

http://newadvent.org/cathen/14220b.htm

Didalam Lumen Gentium:

CHAPTER VII
THE ESCHATOLOGICAL NATURE OF THE PILGRIM CHURCH
AND ITS UNION WITH THE CHURCH IN HEAVEN

48. The Church, to which we are all called in Christ Jesus, and in which we acquire sanctity through the grace of God, will attain its full perfection only in the glory of heaven, when there will come the time of the restoration of all things. At that time the human race as well as the entire world, which is intimately related to man and attains to its end through him, will be perfectly reestablished in Christ.

Christ, having been lifted up from the earth has drawn all to Himself. Rising from the dead He sent His life-giving Spirit upon His disciples and through Him has established His Body which is the Church as the universal sacrament of salvation. Sitting at the right hand of the Father, He is continually active in the world that He might lead men to the Church and through it join them to Himself and that He might make them partakers of His glorious life by nourishing them with His own Body and Blood. Therefore the promised restoration which we are awaiting has already begun in Christ, is carried forward in the mission of the Holy Spirit and through Him continues in the Church in which we learn the meaning of our terrestrial life through our faith, while we perform with hope in the future the work committed to us in this world by the Father, and thus work out our salvation.

Already the final age of the world has come upon us and the renovation of the world is irrevocably decreed and is already anticipated in some kind of a real way; for the Church already on this earth is signed with a sanctity which is real although imperfect. However, until there shall be new heavens and a new earth in which justice dwells, the pilgrim Church in her sacraments and institutions, which pertain to this present time, has the appearance of this world which is passing and she herself dwells among creatures who groan and travail in pain until now and await the revelation of the sons of God.

Joined with Christ in the Church and signed with the Holy Spirit "who is the pledge of our inheritance", truly we are called and we are sons of God but we have not yet appeared with Christ in glory, in which we shall be like to God, since we shall see Him as He is. And therefore "while we are in the body, we are exiled from the Lord and having the first-fruits of the Spirit we groan within ourselves and we desire to be with Christ"'. By that same charity however, we are urged to live more for Him, who died for us and rose again. We strive therefore to please God in all things and we put on the armor of God, that we may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil and resist in the evil day. Since however we know not the day nor the hour, on Our Lord's advice we must be constantly vigilant so that, having finished the course of our earthly life, we may merit to enter into the marriage feast with Him and to be numbered among the blessed and that we may not be ordered to go into eternal fire like the wicked and slothful servant, into the exterior darkness where "there will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth". For before we reign with Christ in glory, all of us will be made manifest "before the tribunal of Christ, so that each one may receive what he has won through the body, according to his works, whether good or evil" and at the end of the world "they who have done good shall come forth unto resurrection of life; but those who have done evil unto resurrection of judgment". Reckoning therefore that "the sufferings of the present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory to come that will be revealed in us", strong in faith we look for the "blessed hope and the glorious coming of our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ" "who will refashion the body of our lowliness, conforming it to the body of His glory, and who will come "to be glorified in His saints and to be marveled at in all those who have believed".

http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html

The soul in Christian thought

In St. Paul we find a more technical phraseology employed with great consistency. Psyche is now appropriated to the purely natural life; pneuma to the life of supernatural religion, the principle of which is the Holy Spirit, dwelling and operating in the heart.

http://newadvent.org/cathen/14153a.htm

1. Tubuh: dari debu kembali ke debu
2. Jiwa: Nyawa, kehidupan, identitas, ketika dibangkitkan, jiwa inilah yang ke Surga untuk berbahagia atau keneraka untuk disiksa
3. Roh: berasal dari Allah, termasuk didalamnya 7 karunia Roh. tanpa Roh, atau kehilangan salah satu atau bahkan semua 7 karunia Roh, maka manusia tersebut sama dengan orang gila. Roh akan kembali kepada Allah ketika seseorang telah wafat.

Jiwa dan Roh pada hakekatnya adalah satu, seperti juga dengan tubuh, ketiganya adalah satu!

The mutual compenetration of soul and body in their activities is just what Catholic philosophy (anticipating positive science) had taught for centuries. Man is two and one, a divisible but a vital unity.

Salam